5 effective self-examination techniques. Credits: Canva
According to The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), breast cancer led to 670,000 worldwide deaths in the year 2022. The data showed, in 157 countries, breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death in women. An ICMR report highlighted that in India, 1 out of every 2 women diagnosed with breast cancer dies of the disease and in most cases late diagnosis of the tumor was the main cause.5 symptoms of early breast cancerBreast cancer begins silently and its symptoms are often easily overlooked. According to WHO, when breast cancer is more advanced, it can have a combination of symptoms.
5 effective self-examination techniques. Credits: Canva
A new lump in the breast or the underarmThis is the most common early sign. These lumps can feel hard and fixed while sometimes the lump may be soft and movable.
Change in the shape or size of the breastIn this case, suddenly one breast may look larger or differently shaped. If the swelling is not linked to the menstrual cycle, especially on one side only, it should raise suspicion.
5 effective self-examination techniques. Credits: Canva
Change in the appearance of the nippleEarly symptoms can change the appearance of the nipple. This may include inverted nipples. In some cases the appearance of areola also changes. Abnormal discharge from the nipplesAny discharge other than breast milk is alarming. Clear or bloody discharge shouldn’t be taken lightly, especially if it’s coming out from one nipple. Redness, pitting or other changes in the breast skinThese changes might get confused to be an infection. Burning sensation and tiny dimples can be a sign and shouldn’t be overlooked.
5 effective self-examination techniques. Credits: Canva
Breast cancers may spread to other areas of the body and trigger other symptoms. The World health organization (WHO) fact sheet affirms, mortality is reduced when breast cancer cases are detected early and treated early. The two components of early detection include screening and early diagnosis. Early diagnosis of cancer refers to identifying cancer before it has spread to other organs. WHO’s specialized cancer agency, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has coined the Breast self-examination method to recognize any changes immediately. Here are five self-examination techniques which should be practiced every once a month.
5 effective self-examination techniques. Credits: Canva
Stand in front of a mirror, with shoulders straight and arms at sides. Raise your arms overhead and look for any changes in shape and size of the breast or the nipples. Women are encouraged to be aware about their natural breast size.
- Examination through palpation
Use the palpation method in multiple positions. Lying down, standing or sitting can help feel the tissues as gravity will change the distribution.
- Systematic hand-movements
Move the upper part (pads) of three fingers in circular motion and cover the entire breast. Powder or lotion can be used for smoother movements.
5 effective self-examination techniques. Credits: Canva
- Check for nipple discharge
Squeeze your nipples and check if there is an irregular discharge. Checking your clothing or bra is also advised.
- Regular timing and monitoring changes
Pick one day from each month for the self-breast examination practice. Regarding the menstrual cycle, 3-5 days after periods, can be considered to perform the examination.Disclaimer: Breast self-examination (BSE) is not a substitute for professional screening or medical advice. Individuals must undergo clinical breast examination for accurate diagnosis and screening.
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