Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women, with nearly 2 lakh cases being diagnosed every year.Early detection can dramatically improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. While regular screening through mammograms and clinical examinations remains essential, being aware of the warning signs your body may show is equally important.
Common warning signs of breast cancer
1. A New Lump or Thickening in the Breast or Underarm
The most common early symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or mass. While not every lump is cancerous—many are benign cysts or fibroadenomas—any new or unusual thickening in the breast tissue or underarm area should be examined by a healthcare professional. Cancerous lumps are often hard, irregular in shape, and painless, though some may be tender or soft.
2. Changes in Breast Shape or Size
A noticeable change in the size, contour, or shape of one breast compared to the other may be a warning sign. Swelling or distortion that wasn’t present before, especially if it persists, should be evaluated. These changes might indicate an underlying tumor or inflammatory process that requires medical attention.
3. Skin Changes on the Breast
The skin over the breast can also reveal early signs of disease. Look for dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaling. The skin may start resembling the texture of an orange peel , which can indicate inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive form. Persistent itching or warmth on the breast skin can also be concerning.
4. Nipple Changes
Any sudden change in the nipple—such as inversion (turning inward), flattening, or deviation—may signal a problem beneath the surface. Nipple discharge that is bloody, clear, or occurs without squeezing should not be ignored. Discharge caused by infection or hormonal changes is often benign, but spontaneous or persistent discharge needs evaluation.
5. Pain or Discomfort
Breast pain is a common complaint and is usually not related to cancer. However, persistent, localized pain in one area of the breast that doesn’t vary with the menstrual cycle may need further testing. Pain accompanied by other changes, such as a lump or nipple discharge, is particularly important to address.
6. Swelling or Lumps in the Armpit
Because breast tissue extends into the underarm region, swelling or a lump in the axilla (armpit) can be an early sign that breast cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. This may occur even before a lump is felt in the breast itself.
7. Visible Veins or Unusual Changes
The sudden appearance of prominent veins on the surface of the breast, or differences in temperature or texture between breasts, can occasionally be signs of underlying malignancy. These subtle signs should not be overlooked.
Importance of Breast Awareness
Regular breast self-examinations can help individuals become familiar with their normal breast texture and appearance, making it easier to detect unusual changes early. While breast pain or lumps can result from benign causes such as cysts or hormonal changes, persistent or unexplained symptoms warrant prompt medical consultation. Knowing what is normal for each person is essential, as breast characteristics vary widely.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Any new breast change or symptom that does not resolve or seems abnormal should be evaluated by a doctor. Recognizing the warning signs of breast cancer and responding with medical evaluation is a proactive step in supporting breast health and reducing risks associated with late diagnosis.(Dr Devavrat Arya, Senior Director, Medical Oncology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket)
