Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, is a crucial nutrient that supports overall health and bodily functions. It helps the nervous system work efficiently, produces essential neurotransmitters, regulates blood sugar, aids red blood cell formation, and boosts immune function. A deficiency can affect both physical and mental health, leading to fatigue, irritability, mood changes, nerve issues, and anemia. While rare in developed countries, low B6 levels can result from poor diet, certain medical conditions, digestive disorders, or prolonged use of specific medications. According to the study published on the NCBI Bookshelf, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency is often associated with other vitamin B deficiencies, such as folic acid and vitamin B12. Low plasma levels of active vitamin B6 are found in individuals with chronic alcohol dependence, obesity, and protein-energy malnutrition.
How vitamin B6 deficiency affects body and mind: Mood, mouth, skin, and nerve signs
- Mood changes and mental fatigue
One of the first signs of vitamin B6 deficiency can be noticeable changes in mood and mental clarity. People may experience confusion, brain fog, irritability, anxiety, or depression. Vitamin B6 is necessary for the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood, stress response, and cognitive function. Supplementation or increased intake of B6-rich foods may help alleviate these symptoms by supporting proper nervous system function.
- Mouth and tongue abnormalities
Deficiency often manifests in the mouth. Cheilitis, or cracked and inflamed lips, is a common indicator. Glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue, can lead to pain, swelling, or a burning sensation. Some individuals may also experience soreness around the mouth corners or dryness. These oral symptoms signal that the body is not producing enough enzymes dependent on vitamin B6, highlighting the need for dietary or supplemental correction.
- Skin rashes and irritation
Vitamin B6 deficiency can contribute to seborrheic dermatitis, a condition characterised by red, flaky, or scaly rashes. The rash often appears on the face, scalp, or back and may appear greasy or inflamed. Severe deficiency can cause the skin to slough, increasing susceptibility to infections. Adequate intake of B6 through diet or supplementation can improve skin health and reduce irritation over time.Vitamin B6 is essential for haemoglobin production, the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body. A deficiency can result in microcytic anemia, where red blood cells are unusually small and inefficient at carrying oxygen. Symptoms include persistent fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headaches, rapid heart rate, and difficulty concentrating. Correcting B6 levels through dietary sources such as poultry, fish, and fortified cereals can restore energy and improve oxygen delivery.Nerve health depends on sufficient vitamin B6. Deficiency can lead to peripheral neuropathy, where nerve function in the hands, feet, and arms is compromised. Signs include tingling, numbness, pins-and-needles sensations, muscle weakness, and reduced reflexes. Without intervention, nerve damage may become permanent. Early detection and dietary supplementation can support nerve repair and improve function.
- Loss of muscle control (ataxia)
Severe vitamin B6 deficiency can result in ataxia, a condition affecting coordination and balance. Individuals may experience clumsiness, difficulty walking, slurred speech, or trouble with fine motor tasks. Maintaining adequate B6 intake is essential to prevent severe neuromuscular complications and ensure long-term mobility.
Vitamin B6 deficiency in children
Symptoms may differ in infants and young children. Common signs include irritability, excessive crying, heightened sensitivity to sound, and, in severe cases, seizures. Since B6 is critical for neurological development, early detection and treatment in children are particularly important to prevent developmental delays.
When to seek medical care
Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist. Testing vitamin B6 levels through a blood test can confirm deficiency. Certain health conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, autoimmune disorders, digestive conditions like Crohn’s disease, alcohol use disorder, obesity, or other vitamin deficiencies, may increase risk. Early intervention ensures better outcomes and prevents severe complications.Also Read | 5 minutes of daily exercise can lower blood pressure, boost circulation, and protect heart health naturally
